Creatinine levels in urine can help one calculate the creatinine clearance, which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). For instance, a disproportionate rise in urea level when compared with the creatinine may indicate a prerenal problem such as volume depletion. Measurement of BUN and creatinine helps detect other problems besides those related to the kidney. If more or complete estimation of renal function is to be done, then the blood (plasma) concentration of creatinine along with that of urea has to be taken into consideration. When the kidneys do not filter the blood properly, elevated creatinine levels are observed. Kidneys play an important role in the filtration or removal of creatinine from the blood. Vegetarians usually have low creatinine levels. Men have more muscle mass than women and hence, tend to have higher levels of creatinine than women. It is usually produced at a constant rate by the body, however, it can vary according to the muscle mass. Creatinine is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle. This is the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine. The BUN is roughly one-half (28/60 or 0.446) of the blood urea. In Europe, the whole urea molecule is taken into consideration while in the United States, only the nitrogen component of urea (the blood urea nitrogen or serum urea nitrogen, i.e., BUN or SUN) is measured. Muscle creatine catabolism generates creatinine. Urea is generated from dietary protein and tissue protein turnover. Urea and creatinine are nitrogenous end products of body metabolism.
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